For a long time, fertility was thought to be a woman’s issue. But science has made one thing clear: male fertility matters as much. In fact, studies show that nearly 50% of infertility cases worldwide are due to male factors.
Over the last four decades, researchers have uncovered a worrying trend — sperm counts across the globe are falling at an alarming rate. In some studies, average sperm counts have dropped by more than 50% since the 1970s. This decline has raised serious concerns about men’s reproductive health and the future of families everywhere.
At The Boon IVF, Hyderabad, we meet many couples struggling with infertility. Often, the male partner has no symptoms and is shocked to learn that sperm health is a key factor. That’s why it’s essential to raise awareness about the male fertility crisis, its causes, and the available solutions today.
What Is Sperm Count and Why Does It Matter?
Sperm count refers to the number of sperm cells in a man’s semen. It’s one of the most critical measures of male fertility.
- Normal sperm count: 15 million to 200 million sperm per millilitre.
- Low sperm count (oligospermia): Less than 15 million sperm per millilitre.
- Zero sperm (azoospermia): No sperm in the semen.
But sperm count is not the only factor. Motility (movement) and morphology (shape) also play a crucial role in determining whether sperm can reach and fertilize an egg. Even with a good count, poor motility or abnormal shape can affect fertility.
At The Boon IVF, we perform advanced semen analysis tests that evaluate all three parameters — count, motility, and morphology — to give a complete picture of male fertility.
The Global Sperm Count Decline: What Research Shows
The decline in sperm counts is not just a theory — it’s backed by substantial research.
- A 2017 study analyzing data from over 42,000 men found that sperm concentration had dropped by 52% between 1973 and 2011 in North America, Europe, and Australia.
- A 2022 update confirmed that the decline is now global, affecting men in Asia, Africa, and South America.
- The trend is accelerating, indicating that the problem is worsening with each subsequent generation.
This issue is not only about couples trying to conceive. Low sperm counts are also linked to overall male health, including higher risks of hormonal imbalances, testicular cancer, and reduced life expectancy.
Why Are Sperm Counts Dropping?
The decline in sperm counts is attributed to a combination of lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and medical conditions.
1. Lifestyle Causes
- Smoking & alcohol: Both damage sperm DNA and lower counts.
- Obesity: Excess body fat reduces testosterone, which is vital for sperm production.
- Stress: Chronic stress disrupts hormone balance and lowers fertility.
- Poor diet: Lack of antioxidants (vitamins C, E, zinc, selenium) harms sperm health.
2. Environmental Causes
- Chemicals in plastics (BPA, phthalates): These mimic hormones and interfere with sperm production.
- Pesticides & pollution: Common in urban environments like Hyderabad, they contribute to declining fertility.
- Heat exposure: Long laptop use on the lap, frequent sauna/hot baths, or tight clothing around the groin can affect sperm.
3. Medical Causes
- Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum, found in about 15% of men, are a significant cause of low sperm count.
- Hormonal problems: Low testosterone or thyroid issues can reduce fertility.
- Infections: Untreated STIs or urinary infections can damage sperm.
- Chronic diseases: Diabetes, hypertension, and genetic conditions can impact sperm production.
At The Boon IVF, we diagnose these issues through semen analysis, hormone testing, and advanced imaging, ensuring no underlying cause is missed.
Symptoms Men Should Watch For
Male infertility often has no apparent symptoms. However, some warning signs include:
- Trouble conceiving despite regular unprotected sex
- Testicular pain, swelling, or lumps
- Erectile dysfunction or reduced libido
- Abnormal semen (very watery, low volume, unusual colour)
- Hormonal symptoms like weight gain, fatigue, or hair loss
Quick Answer for Patients
You should consult a fertility specialist if you have been trying to conceive for more than 12 months without success, or if you notice symptoms like testicular pain, reduced sexual desire, or abnormal semen.
Can Male Fertility Be Improved?
Yes! The good news is that many causes of male infertility can be treated or managed. At The Boon IVF, we focus on both natural improvements and medical solutions.
Lifestyle Recommendations
- Maintain a healthy weight by following a balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise.
- Stop smoking and reduce alcohol intake.
- Eat fertility-friendly foods (green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, fish, eggs)
- Reduce stress with yoga, meditation, or relaxation techniques.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to heat in the testicular area.
Medical Treatments
- Varicocele surgery to restore healthy sperm production
- Hormone therapy for imbalances
- Antibiotics for infections that harm sperm
Advanced Fertility Treatments at The Boon IVF
Even when sperm counts are very low, modern fertility treatments can help.
- IUI (Intrauterine Insemination): Prepared sperm is placed directly in the uterus.
- IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation): Eggs are fertilized with sperm outside the body.
- ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection): A single sperm is injected into an egg, making fertilization possible even in cases of extremely low sperm count.
At The Boon IVF, our success with ICSI has helped many couples become parents despite severe male infertility.
The Hyderabad Context: Male Fertility at Risk Locally
India is facing rising infertility rates, with 1 in 6 couples affected. In Hyderabad, factors such as air pollution, stress from fast-paced city life, and late marriages contribute to male fertility problems.
But the positive side is that Hyderabad has become a hub for world-class fertility treatment. At The Boon IVF, we combine cutting-edge technology with compassionate care to give couples the best chance of success without needing to travel abroad.
Preventing Male Fertility Issues: Practical Tips
Men can take steps today to protect their fertility for tomorrow:
- Choose glass or steel bottles instead of plastic
- Wear loose, breathable cotton underwear
- Include omega-3-rich foods like walnuts, flaxseeds, and fish in your diet
- Sleep 7–8 hours daily for hormone balance
- Get a regular semen analysis if planning for a family
- Limit exposure to mobile phones kept in trouser pockets
FAQs on Male Fertility
1. What is the normal sperm count?
A normal count of 15–200 million sperm per millilitre of semen is considered normal.
2. Can lifestyle changes really improve fertility?
Yes. Healthy habits can significantly boost sperm quality and count.
3. Does age matter for men?
Yes, sperm quality declines after 40, increasing infertility risk.
4. Can The Boon IVF help men with very low sperm counts?
Absolutely. With treatments like ICSI, even a single healthy sperm can lead to pregnancy.
5. When should a man get tested for fertility?
If you’ve been trying for a year without success, it’s time for a semen analysis at The Boon IVF.
Why Choose The Boon IVF in Hyderabad?
At The Boon IVF, we specialize in treating both male and female infertility issues. Here’s why patients trust us:
- Expert doctors with years of experience in male infertility
- State-of-the-art lab facilities for semen analysis, IVF, and ICSI
- Personalized care plans tailored to each couple’s condition
- Proven success rates in treating even complex cases
- Compassionate support — we walk with you every step of the way
Conclusion
Yes, male fertility is in crisis — sperm counts are dropping worldwide, including here in India. But couples don’t have to lose hope. With awareness, timely diagnosis, and advanced treatments, parenthood is still within reach.
At The Boon IVF in Hyderabad, we are committed to helping men improve their fertility and couples achieve their dream of having a baby. If you are facing difficulties conceiving, don’t delay. Book your consultation with The Boon IVF today and take the first step toward building your family.
